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Tuesday, January 10, 2017
Fixture of Bangladesh’s tour of Sri Lanka March,20...
Sports 786: Fixture of Bangladesh’s tour of Sri Lanka March,20...: Bangladesh cricket team will go through busy schedule in this year. After playing a Test match for the first time in India in February, Tig...
Saturday, January 7, 2017
Bangladesh aim to avoid whitewash | | হোয়াইট ওয়াশ এড়াতে কিউইদের সামনে টাইগাররা
Bangladesh’s woes in the New Zealand tour continue as they lose first and second T20Is even being in a good position of winning. The hosts Blackcaps will like to whitewash Bangladesh for the second time in the series.
Colin Munro’s maiden T20 IInternational century boosted up the host side to seal a 47-run victory at Bay Oval in the second T20I which confirmed New Zealand’ series win.
New Zealand wicket-keeper Luke Ronchi left the field during the second T20I due to hamstring strain. Tom Blundell could make debut replacing Ronchi. George Worker might return to the side.
New Zealand (likely XI): Kane Williamson (captain), George Worker, Colin Munro, Corey Anderson, Tom Bruce, Colin de Grandhomme/ James Neesham, Tom Blundell (wk), Mitchell Santner, Matt Henry/ Ben Wheeler, Ish Sodhi, Trent Boult/ Lockie Ferguson
Bangladesh are expected to drop Mustafizur Rahman for the final T20I. In this case, Taskin Ahmed will play for the first time in T20Is after World T20, where he was suspended due to illegal bowling action.
Bangladesh (likely XI): Tamim Iqbal, Imrul Kayes, Sabbir Rahman, Shakib Al Hasan, Mahmudullah Riyad, Soumya Sarkar, Mosaddek Hossain Saikat, Nurul Hasan Sohan (wk), Mashrafe Bin Mortaza (captain), Rubel Hossain, Taskin Ahmed.
The third T20I will begin at 8:00 am Bangladesh time (3:00 pm local time).
IN BANGLA
হোয়াইট ওয়াশ এড়াতে কিউইদের সামনে টাইগাররা
তিন ম্যাচের টি টোয়েন্টি সিরিজের শেষ ম্যাচে আগামীকাল মাউন্ট মাউঙ্গানুইতে নিউজিল্যান্ডের মুখোমুখি হবে বাংলাদেশ। সিরিজ ইতোমধ্যেই নিজেদের করে নিয়েছে স্বাগতিকরা। প্রথম দুই ম্যাচ হেরে হোয়াইটওয়াশ শংকায় টাইগাররা।
নিউজিল্যান্ড সফরে গিয়ে এখনও জয়হীন বাংলাদেশ। আগামীকালের ম্যাচ হারলে টানা ৬ ম্যাচ হারবে বিদেশের মাটিতে। তাই রঙ্গিন পোশাকের শেষটা জয় দিয়েই করতে চায় টাইগাররা। কিউইদের হয়ে ফর্মে আছেন মুনরো, উইইয়ামসন, ব্রুসসহ বাকি ব্যাটসম্যানরা। তাই মূল লড়াইটা হবে বাংলাদেশের বোলিং আর ওদের ব্যাটিং নিয়েই। এক্ষেত্রে দলে আসতে পারে একটি পরিবর্তন। টেস্ট অভিষেকের অপেক্ষায় থাকা তাসকিনের বদলে দল থেকে অবসর দেয়া হতে পারে মুস্তাফিজকে।
এছাড়া বাকি বাংলাদেশ দল থাকার কথা অপরিবর্তিত। নিউজিল্যান্ডের কিপার লুক রনকি বাদ ইঞ্জুরির থাবায়। তার বদলে একাদশে ঢুকবেন ব্লান্ডেল। ১৯ টি টোয়েন্টিতে ব্লান্ডেল এর স্ট্রাইকরেট ১২১.৫৭। এছাড়া স্যান্টনার, বোল্টকেও অবসরে রাখার কথা নিউজিল্যান্ড টিম ম্যানেজম্যান্টের।
টি টোয়েন্টিতে তাই শেষটা জয় দিয়ে করতে চাইবে টাইগাররা। ফর্মে ফেরার ইঙ্গিত দিয়েছেন সৌম্য। এছাড়া ফর্মে আছেন সাব্বিরও। বল হাতে ভাল করেছেন রুবেল। এছাড়া সাকিব, তামিম আর রিয়াদের মত সিনিয়র প্লেয়ারদের ভাল কিছু ক্রিকেট উপহারই জয় দিয়ে রাঙ্গাতে পারে শেষ টি টোয়েন্টি।
খেলা শুরু হবে বাংলাদেশ সময় সকাল ৮ টায়।
সম্ভাব্য একাদশঃ
বাংলাদেশঃ তামিম ইকবাল, ইমরুল কায়েস, সাব্বির রহমান, সাকিব আল হাসান, সৌম্য সরকার, মাহমুদুল্লাহ রিয়াদ, মোসাদ্দেক হোসেন, নুরুল হাসান সোহান, মাশরাফি বিন মুর্তজা, তাসকিন আহমেদ, রুবেল হোসেন।
নিউজিল্যান্ডঃ কেন উইলিয়ামন, জর্জ ওয়াকার, কলিন মুনরো, কোরি এন্ডারসন, টম ব্রুস, ক্লিন ডি গ্র্যান্ডহোম, টম ব্লান্ডেল, মিচেল স্যান্টনার, বেন হুইলার, ইশ সৌধি, লকি ফার্গুসন
হোয়াইট ওয়াশ এড়াতে কিউইদের সামনে টাইগাররা | | Bangladesh aim to avoid whitewash
After back to back losses, Bangladesh will aim to avoid a 3-0 whitewash
in the third and final T20I against New Zealand at Bay Oval, Mount
Maunganui on Sunday.
Bangladesh had positives though. Paceman Rubel Hossain picked up
career-best three wickets. Good news is Soumya Sarkar and Sabbir Rahman
has returned to runs after passing some tough times, especially Soumya.
New Zealand wicket-keeper Luke Ronchi left the field during the second T20I due to hamstring strain. Tom Blundell could make debut replacing Ronchi. George Worker might return to the side.
New Zealand (likely XI): Kane Williamson (captain), George Worker, Colin Munro, Corey Anderson, Tom Bruce, Colin de Grandhomme/ James Neesham, Tom Blundell (wk), Mitchell Santner, Matt Henry/ Ben Wheeler, Ish Sodhi, Trent Boult/ Lockie Ferguson
Bangladesh are expected to drop Mustafizur Rahman for the final T20I. In this case, Taskin Ahmed will play for the first time in T20Is after World T20, where he was suspended due to illegal bowling action.
Bangladesh (likely XI): Tamim Iqbal, Imrul Kayes, Sabbir Rahman, Shakib Al Hasan, Mahmudullah Riyad, Soumya Sarkar, Mosaddek Hossain Saikat, Nurul Hasan Sohan (wk), Mashrafe Bin Mortaza (captain), Rubel Hossain, Taskin Ahmed.
The third T20I will begin at 8:00 am Bangladesh time (3:00 pm local time).
IN BANGLA
নিউজিল্যান্ড সফরে গিয়ে এখনও জয়হীন বাংলাদেশ। আগামীকালের ম্যাচ হারলে টানা ৬ ম্যাচ হারবে বিদেশের মাটিতে। তাই রঙ্গিন পোশাকের শেষটা জয় দিয়েই করতে চায় টাইগাররা। কিউইদের হয়ে ফর্মে আছেন মুনরো, উইইয়ামসন, ব্রুসসহ বাকি ব্যাটসম্যানরা। তাই মূল লড়াইটা হবে বাংলাদেশের বোলিং আর ওদের ব্যাটিং নিয়েই। এক্ষেত্রে দলে আসতে পারে একটি পরিবর্তন। টেস্ট অভিষেকের অপেক্ষায় থাকা তাসকিনের বদলে দল থেকে অবসর দেয়া হতে পারে মুস্তাফিজকে।
এছাড়া বাকি বাংলাদেশ দল থাকার কথা অপরিবর্তিত। নিউজিল্যান্ডের কিপার লুক রনকি বাদ ইঞ্জুরির থাবায়। তার বদলে একাদশে ঢুকবেন ব্লান্ডেল। ১৯ টি টোয়েন্টিতে ব্লান্ডেল এর স্ট্রাইকরেট ১২১.৫৭। এছাড়া স্যান্টনার, বোল্টকেও অবসরে রাখার কথা নিউজিল্যান্ড টিম ম্যানেজম্যান্টের।
টি টোয়েন্টিতে তাই শেষটা জয় দিয়ে করতে চাইবে টাইগাররা। ফর্মে ফেরার ইঙ্গিত দিয়েছেন সৌম্য। এছাড়া ফর্মে আছেন সাব্বিরও। বল হাতে ভাল করেছেন রুবেল। এছাড়া সাকিব, তামিম আর রিয়াদের মত সিনিয়র প্লেয়ারদের ভাল কিছু ক্রিকেট উপহারই জয় দিয়ে রাঙ্গাতে পারে শেষ টি টোয়েন্টি।
খেলা শুরু হবে বাংলাদেশ সময় সকাল ৮ টায়।
সম্ভাব্য একাদশঃ
বাংলাদেশঃ তামিম ইকবাল, ইমরুল কায়েস, সাব্বির রহমান, সাকিব আল হাসান, সৌম্য সরকার, মাহমুদুল্লাহ রিয়াদ, মোসাদ্দেক হোসেন, নুরুল হাসান সোহান, মাশরাফি বিন মুর্তজা, তাসকিন আহমেদ, রুবেল হোসেন।
নিউজিল্যান্ডঃ কেন উইলিয়ামন, জর্জ ওয়াকার, কলিন মুনরো, কোরি এন্ডারসন, টম ব্রুস, ক্লিন ডি গ্র্যান্ডহোম, টম ব্লান্ডেল, মিচেল স্যান্টনার, বেন হুইলার, ইশ সৌধি, লকি ফার্গুসন
New Zealand wicket-keeper Luke Ronchi left the field during the second T20I due to hamstring strain. Tom Blundell could make debut replacing Ronchi. George Worker might return to the side.
New Zealand (likely XI): Kane Williamson (captain), George Worker, Colin Munro, Corey Anderson, Tom Bruce, Colin de Grandhomme/ James Neesham, Tom Blundell (wk), Mitchell Santner, Matt Henry/ Ben Wheeler, Ish Sodhi, Trent Boult/ Lockie Ferguson
Bangladesh are expected to drop Mustafizur Rahman for the final T20I. In this case, Taskin Ahmed will play for the first time in T20Is after World T20, where he was suspended due to illegal bowling action.
Bangladesh (likely XI): Tamim Iqbal, Imrul Kayes, Sabbir Rahman, Shakib Al Hasan, Mahmudullah Riyad, Soumya Sarkar, Mosaddek Hossain Saikat, Nurul Hasan Sohan (wk), Mashrafe Bin Mortaza (captain), Rubel Hossain, Taskin Ahmed.
The third T20I will begin at 8:00 am Bangladesh time (3:00 pm local time).
IN BANGLA
হোয়াইট ওয়াশ এড়াতে কিউইদের সামনে টাইগাররা
তিন ম্যাচের টি টোয়েন্টি সিরিজের শেষ ম্যাচে আগামীকাল মাউন্ট মাউঙ্গানুইতে নিউজিল্যান্ডের মুখোমুখি হবে বাংলাদেশ। সিরিজ ইতোমধ্যেই নিজেদের করে নিয়েছে স্বাগতিকরা। প্রথম দুই ম্যাচ হেরে হোয়াইটওয়াশ শংকায় টাইগাররা।
নিউজিল্যান্ড সফরে গিয়ে এখনও জয়হীন বাংলাদেশ। আগামীকালের ম্যাচ হারলে টানা ৬ ম্যাচ হারবে বিদেশের মাটিতে। তাই রঙ্গিন পোশাকের শেষটা জয় দিয়েই করতে চায় টাইগাররা। কিউইদের হয়ে ফর্মে আছেন মুনরো, উইইয়ামসন, ব্রুসসহ বাকি ব্যাটসম্যানরা। তাই মূল লড়াইটা হবে বাংলাদেশের বোলিং আর ওদের ব্যাটিং নিয়েই। এক্ষেত্রে দলে আসতে পারে একটি পরিবর্তন। টেস্ট অভিষেকের অপেক্ষায় থাকা তাসকিনের বদলে দল থেকে অবসর দেয়া হতে পারে মুস্তাফিজকে।
এছাড়া বাকি বাংলাদেশ দল থাকার কথা অপরিবর্তিত। নিউজিল্যান্ডের কিপার লুক রনকি বাদ ইঞ্জুরির থাবায়। তার বদলে একাদশে ঢুকবেন ব্লান্ডেল। ১৯ টি টোয়েন্টিতে ব্লান্ডেল এর স্ট্রাইকরেট ১২১.৫৭। এছাড়া স্যান্টনার, বোল্টকেও অবসরে রাখার কথা নিউজিল্যান্ড টিম ম্যানেজম্যান্টের।
টি টোয়েন্টিতে তাই শেষটা জয় দিয়ে করতে চাইবে টাইগাররা। ফর্মে ফেরার ইঙ্গিত দিয়েছেন সৌম্য। এছাড়া ফর্মে আছেন সাব্বিরও। বল হাতে ভাল করেছেন রুবেল। এছাড়া সাকিব, তামিম আর রিয়াদের মত সিনিয়র প্লেয়ারদের ভাল কিছু ক্রিকেট উপহারই জয় দিয়ে রাঙ্গাতে পারে শেষ টি টোয়েন্টি।
খেলা শুরু হবে বাংলাদেশ সময় সকাল ৮ টায়।
সম্ভাব্য একাদশঃ
বাংলাদেশঃ তামিম ইকবাল, ইমরুল কায়েস, সাব্বির রহমান, সাকিব আল হাসান, সৌম্য সরকার, মাহমুদুল্লাহ রিয়াদ, মোসাদ্দেক হোসেন, নুরুল হাসান সোহান, মাশরাফি বিন মুর্তজা, তাসকিন আহমেদ, রুবেল হোসেন।
নিউজিল্যান্ডঃ কেন উইলিয়ামন, জর্জ ওয়াকার, কলিন মুনরো, কোরি এন্ডারসন, টম ব্রুস, ক্লিন ডি গ্র্যান্ডহোম, টম ব্লান্ডেল, মিচেল স্যান্টনার, বেন হুইলার, ইশ সৌধি, লকি ফার্গুসন
Taskin all set to replace Mustafiz in third T20I
Bangladesh cricket team left handed pace sensation Mustafizur Rahman
will be rested in the dead rubber match of ANZ three-match T20I series.
He will be replaced by the Tigers speedster Taskin Ahmed on Sunday.
Young rising star Mustafizur Rahman has played three matches in a row including one ODI and two T20Is after being rested in the second ODI as a result team management are aiming not let him to play in the last match of T20I series. According to the instruction of physio, playing more matches at a stake might cause harm for Mustafizur’s recovery process so he will be rested on Sunday.
In lieu of Mustafizur Rahman another young pace icon of Bangladesh cricket team, Taskin Ahmed who missed the first two matches of the T20I series will play on Sunday’s match. Taskin has been bought up in place of Mustafiz for his speedy action. Team management thinks Taskin might play key role by using the condition against the Kiwis during the game.
To be noted, After the clean sweep in ODI series New Zealand are also seal the three-match T20I series and lead by 2-0 against the visiting Bangladesh. Third and last T20I match is scheduled to play at Bay Oval on Sunday (8 January). Match will kick off at 8.00 am in Bangladesh standard time.
Young rising star Mustafizur Rahman has played three matches in a row including one ODI and two T20Is after being rested in the second ODI as a result team management are aiming not let him to play in the last match of T20I series. According to the instruction of physio, playing more matches at a stake might cause harm for Mustafizur’s recovery process so he will be rested on Sunday.
In lieu of Mustafizur Rahman another young pace icon of Bangladesh cricket team, Taskin Ahmed who missed the first two matches of the T20I series will play on Sunday’s match. Taskin has been bought up in place of Mustafiz for his speedy action. Team management thinks Taskin might play key role by using the condition against the Kiwis during the game.
To be noted, After the clean sweep in ODI series New Zealand are also seal the three-match T20I series and lead by 2-0 against the visiting Bangladesh. Third and last T20I match is scheduled to play at Bay Oval on Sunday (8 January). Match will kick off at 8.00 am in Bangladesh standard time.
Saturday, October 24, 2015
List of Test cricket records
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Types of matches
Cricket is a multi-faceted sport with multiple formats, varying playing standard and level of formality and the desired time that the match should last. A pertinent division in terms of professional cricket is between matches limited by time in which the teams have two innings apiece, and those limited by number of overs, in which they have a single innings each. The former, known as first-class cricket, has a duration of three to five days (there have been examples of "timeless" matches too); the latter, known as limited overs cricket because each team bowls a limit of typically 50 or 20 overs, has a planned duration of one day only (a match can be extended if necessary due to bad weather, etc.).Typically, two-innings matches have at least six hours of playing time each day. Limited overs matches often last six hours or more. There are usually formal intervals on each day for lunch and tea with brief informal breaks for drinks. There is also a short interval between innings.
Amateur cricketers rarely play matches that last longer than a single day; these may loosely be divided into declaration matches, in which a specified maximum time or number of overs is assigned to the game in total and the teams swap roles only when the batting team is either completely dismissed or declares; and limited overs matches, in which a specified maximum number of overs is assigned for each team's innings individually. These will vary in length between 30 and 60 overs per side at the weekend and the ever popular 20 over format during the evenings. Other forms of cricket, such as indoor cricket and garden cricket remain popular.
Historically, a form of cricket known as single wicket had been extremely successful and many of these contests in the 18th and 19th centuries qualify as major cricket matches. In this form, although each team may have from one to six players, there is only one batsman at a time and he must face every delivery bowled while his innings lasts. Single wicket has rarely been played since limited overs cricket began.
Test cricket
Main article: Test cricket
Although the term "Test match" was not coined until much later, Test cricket is deemed to have begun with two matches between Australia and England in the 1876–77 Australian season. Subsequently, eight other national teams have achieved Test status: South Africa (1889), West Indies (1928), New Zealand (1929), India (1932), Pakistan (1952), Sri Lanka (1982), Zimbabwe (1992) and Bangladesh (2000). Zimbabwe suspended its Test status in 2006 due to its inability to compete against other Test teams,[48] and returned in 2011.[49]
Welsh players are eligible to play for England, which is in effect an England and Wales team. The West Indies team comprises players from numerous states in the Caribbean, notably Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago, the Leeward Islands and the Windward Islands.
Test matches between two teams are usually played in a group of matches called a "series". Matches last up to five days and a series normally consists of three to five matches. Test matches that are not finished within the allotted time are drawn. In the case of Test and first-class cricket: the possibility of a draw often encourages a team that is batting last and well behind to bat defensively, giving up any faint chance at a win to avoid a loss.[50]
Since 1882, most Test series between England and Australia have been played for a trophy known as The Ashes. Some other bilateral series have individual trophies too: for example, the Wisden Trophy is contested by England and West Indies; the Frank Worrell Trophy by Australia and West Indies and the Border-Gavaskar Trophy between India and Australia.
Limited overs
Main article: Limited overs cricket
See also: One Day International and Twenty20 International
Twenty20 is a new variant of limited overs itself with the purpose being to complete the match within about three hours, usually in an evening session. The original idea, when the concept was introduced in England in 2003, was to provide workers with an evening entertainment. It was commercially successful and has been adopted internationally. The inaugural Twenty20 World Championship was held in 2007 and won by India, three subsequent events have been held which were won by Pakistan, England and West Indies respectively. The next tournament is scheduled to be held in 2014. After the inaugural ICC World Twenty20 many domestic Twenty20 leagues were born. First of them was Indian Cricket League which was a rebel league since it was not authorized by BCCI. BCCI then formed its official league called the Indian Premier League. The official league went on to become a successful annual affair that attracted players and audience around the globe, while the Indian Cricket League has been disbanded. After the success of Indian premier league many other domestic leagues were formed in all major cricketing nations. Recently Twenty20 Champions League was formed as a tournament for domestic clubs of various countries.In this league competition played between the top domestic teams from major cricketing nations.
National championships
Main article: First-class cricket
Australia established its national first-class championship in 1892–93 when the Sheffield Shield was introduced. In Australia, the first-class teams represent the various states. New South Wales has won the maximum number of titles with 45 to 2008.
National championship trophies to be established elsewhere included the Ranji Trophy (India), Plunket Shield (New Zealand), Currie Cup (South Africa) and Shell Shield (West Indies). Some of these competitions have been updated and renamed in recent years.
Domestic limited overs competitions began with England's Gillette Cup knockout in 1963. Countries usually stage seasonal limited overs competitions in both knockout and league format. In recent years, national Twenty20 competitions have been introduced, usually in knockout form though some incorporate mini-leagues.
Club cricket
Club cricket is frequently organised in a league or cup format. Games are limited by either time or overs. Limited overs games usually last between 20 and 60 overs per innings. A less common, but more traditional, format is limiting the game by time only. Games can range from a few hours in the evening to two days long. A modern innovation is the introduction of Twenty20 competitions, both as a format in the existing leagues and new leagues solely based on Twenty20, such as LastManStanding.
Standards of play can vary from semi-professional to occasional recreational level and club cricket is often enjoyed as much for the social element as for the competition. Most clubs have their own ground to play on regularly, often including a field and pavilion or club house. An exception being 'Wandering Sides' who use other's grounds.
Many leagues have been formed around the world of varying degrees of professionalism, the oldest being the Birmingham & District Premier League in the Birmingham area of England, founded in 1888.
Other types of matches
Main article: Forms of cricket
Indoor Cricket was first invented in 1970.[51] It is similar to outdoor cricket except that is played in an indoor sports hall with 6 players per team. It is extremely popular in the UK with national championships and multiple independent leagues. Another less formal version of indoor cricket is played in a smaller arena with a soft ball and without pads was invented some years later and is commonly played in the Southern Hemisphere, and even has its own nominal international championships, including World Cups.
In the UK, garden cricket is a popular version of the sport, played in gardens and on recreation grounds around the country by adults and children alike. Although a cricket bat and ball are generally used, other equipment such as pads and gloves are not. The exact rules will vary based on the number of participants and the available space.
Families and teenagers play backyard cricket or tennis ball cricket in suburban yards or driveways, and the cities of India and Pakistan play host to countless games of "Gully Cricket" or "tape ball" in their long narrow streets. Sometimes the rules are improvised: e.g. it may be agreed that fielders can catch the ball with one hand after one bounce and claim a wicket; or if only a few people are available then everyone may field while the players take it in turns to bat and bowl. Tennis balls and homemade bats are often used, and a variety of objects may serve as wickets: for example, the batter's legs as in French cricket, which did not in fact originate in France, and is usually played by small children.
In Kwik cricket, the bowler does not have to wait for the batsman to be ready before a delivery, leading to a faster, more exhausting game designed to appeal to children, which is often used in physical education lessons at UK schools. Another modification to increase the pace of the game is the "Tip and Run", "Tipity" Run, "Tipsy Run" or "Tippy-Go" rule, in which the batter must run when the ball touches the bat, even if it the contact is unintentional or minor. This rule, seen only in impromptu games, speeds the match up by removing the batsman's right to block the ball.
In Samoa a form of cricket called Kilikiti is played in which hockey stick-shaped bats are used. In original English cricket, the hockey stick shape was replaced by the modern straight bat in the 1760s after bowlers began to pitch the ball instead of rolling or skimming it. In Estonia, teams gather over the winter for the annual Ice Cricket tournament. The game juxtaposes the normal summer pursuit with harsh, wintry conditions. Rules are otherwise similar to those for the six-a-side game.
International structure
Main articles: International structure of cricket, International Cricket Council and World Cricket League
The ICC has 104 members: 10 Full Members that play official Test matches, 34 Associate Members, and 60 Affiliate Members.[52] The ICC is responsible for the organisation and governance of cricket's major international tournaments, notably the Cricket World Cup. It also appoints the umpires and referees that officiate at all sanctioned Test matches, One Day International and Twenty20 Internationals. Each nation has a national cricket board which regulates cricket matches played in its country. The cricket board also selects the national squad and organises home and away tours for the national team. In the West Indies these matters are addressed by the West Indies Cricket Board which consists of members appointed by four national boards and two multi-national boards.
Members
Main article: List of International Cricket Council members
Full Members
Full Members are the governing bodies for cricket in a country or associated countries. Full Members may also represent a geographical area. All Full Members have a right to send one representative team to play official Test matches. Also, all Full Member nations are automatically qualified to play ODIs and Twenty20 Internationals.[53] West Indies cricket team does not represent one country instead an amalgamation of over 20 countries from the Caribbean. The English Cricket team represents both England and Wales.Nation | Governing body | Member since[53] | Current Test rankings | Current ODI rankings | Current T20 rankings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | Cricket Australia | 15 July 1909 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
Bangladesh | Bangladesh Cricket Board | 26 June 2000 | 9 | 9 | 10 |
England | England and Wales Cricket Board | 15 July 1909 | 3 | 5 | 8 |
India | Board of Control for Cricket in India | 31 May 1926 | 7 | 2 | 1 |
New Zealand | New Zealand Cricket | 31 May 1926 | 5 | 7 | 6 |
Pakistan | Pakistan Cricket Board | 28 July 1953 | 4 | 6 | 3 |
South Africa | Cricket South Africa | 15 July 1909A | 1 | 4 | 4 |
Sri Lanka | Sri Lanka Cricket | 21 July 1981 | 6 | 3 | 2 |
West Indies | West Indies Cricket Board | 31 May 1926 | 8 | 8 | 7 |
Zimbabwe | Zimbabwe Cricket | 6 July 1992 | 10 | 10 | 9 |
Top Associate and Affiliate Members
All the associate and affiliate members are not qualified to play Test Cricket, however ICC grants One Day International status to its associate and affiliate members based on their success in the World Cricket League. The top six teams will be awarded One day international and Twenty20 International status, which will allow the associate and affiliate teams to be eligible to play the full members and play official ODI cricket.The associate and affiliate teams who currently hold ODI and T20I status:
Nation | Governing body | Member since | Current ODI rankings |
---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Afghanistan Cricket Board | 2001[54] | 14 |
Canada | Cricket Canada | 1968[53] | 16 |
Ireland | Cricket Ireland | 1993[53] | 11 |
Kenya | Cricket Kenya | 1981[53] | 13 |
Netherlands | Koninklijke Nederlandse Cricket Bond | 1966[53] | 12 |
Scotland | Cricket Scotland | 1994[53] | 15 |
Statistics
Main article: Cricket statistics
Organized cricket lends itself to statistics to a greater degree than
many other sports. Each play is discrete and has a relatively small
number of possible outcomes. At the professional level, statistics for
Test cricket, one-day internationals, and first-class cricket are
recorded separately. However, since Test matches are a form of
first-class cricket, a player's first-class statistics will include his
Test match statistics – but not vice versa. The Guide to Cricketers was a cricket annual edited by Fred Lillywhite between 1849 and his death in 1866. Wisden Cricketers' Almanack was founded in 1864 by the English cricketer John Wisden (1826–1884) as a competitor to The Guide to Cricketers. Its annual publication has continued uninterrupted to the present day, making it the longest running sports annual in history.Certain traditional statistics are familiar to most cricket fans. The basic batting statistics include:
- Innings (I): The number of innings in which the batsman actually batted.
- Not outs (NO): The number of times the batsman was not out at the conclusion of an innings they batted in.
- Runs (R): The number of runs scored.
- Highest score (HS/Best): The highest score ever made by the batsman.
- Batting average (Ave): The total number of runs divided by the total number of innings in which the batsman was out. Ave = Runs/[I – NO] (also Avge or Avg.)
- Centuries (100): The number of innings in which the batsman scored one hundred runs or more.
- Half-centuries (50): The number of innings in which the batsman scored fifty to ninety-nine runs (centuries do not count as half-centuries as well).
- Balls faced (BF): The total number of balls received, including no balls but not including wides.
- Strike rate (SR): The number of runs scored per 100 balls faced. (SR = [100 * Runs]/BF)
- Run rate (RR): Is the number of runs a batsman (or the batting side) scores in an over of six balls.
- Overs (O): The number of overs bowled.
- Balls (B): The number of balls bowled. Overs is more traditional, but balls is a more useful statistic because the number of balls per over has varied historically.
- Maiden overs (M): The number of maiden overs (overs in which the bowler conceded zero runs) bowled.
- Runs (R): The number of runs conceded.
- Wickets (W): The number of wickets taken.
- No balls (Nb): The number of no balls bowled.
- Wides (Wd): The number of wides bowled.
- Bowling average (Ave): The average number of runs conceded per wicket. (Ave = Runs/W)
- Strike rate (SR): The average number of balls bowled per wicket. (SR = Balls/W)
- Economy rate (Econ): The average number of runs conceded per over. (Econ = Runs/overs bowled).
Scorecards
See also: Scoring (cricket)
A match's statistics are summarised on a scorecard. Prior to the
popularisation of scorecards, most scoring was done by men sitting on
vantage points cuttings notches on tally sticks. The earliest known scorecards were printed in 1776 by Pratt, scorer to the Sevenoaks Vine Cricket Club, but it was many years before his invention was widely adopted.[55] Scorecards were printed and sold at Lord's for the first time in 1846.[56]The introduction of scoreboards revolutionised cricket by allowing spectators to keep track of the day's play. In 1848, Fred Lillywhite used a portable printing press at grounds to print updated scorecards. In 1858, the Kennington Oval introduced the first mobile scorebox, "a house on rollers with figures for telegraphing on each side". In 1881, the Melbourne Cricket Ground erected the first cricket scoreboard. The scoreboard, located at the western end of the ground, gave the batsman's name and method of dismissal.[55]
Umpires and scorers
Main articles: Umpire (cricket) and Scorer
Off the field and in televised matches, there is often a third umpire who can make decisions on certain incidents with the aid of video evidence. The third umpire is mandatory under the playing conditions for Test matches and limited overs internationals played between two ICC full members. These matches also have a match referee whose job is to ensure that play is within the Laws of cricket and the spirit of the game.
The match details, including runs and dismissals, are recorded by two official scorers, one representing each team. The scorers are directed by the hand signals of an umpire. For example, the umpire raises a forefinger to signal that the batsman is out (has been dismissed); he raises both arms above his head if the batsman has hit the ball for six runs. The scorers are required by the Laws of cricket to record all runs scored, wickets taken and overs bowled; in practice, they also note significant amounts of additional data relating to the game.
Innings
The innings (ending with 's' in both singular and plural form) is the term used for the collective performance of the batting side.[32] In theory, all eleven members of the batting side take a turn to bat but, for various reasons, an innings can end before they all do so. Depending on the type of match being played, each team has one or two innings apiece.The main aim of the bowler, supported by his fielders, is to dismiss the batsman. A batsman when dismissed is said to be "out" and that means he must leave the field of play and be replaced by the next batsman on his team. When ten batsmen have been dismissed (i.e., are out), then the whole team is dismissed and the innings is over. The last batsman, the one who has not been dismissed, is not allowed to continue alone as there must always be two batsmen "in". This batsman is termed "not out".
An innings can end early for three reasons: because the batting side's captain has chosen to "declare" the innings closed (which is a tactical decision), or because the batting side has achieved its target and won the game, or because the game has ended prematurely due to bad weather or running out of time. In each of these cases the team's innings ends with two "not out" batsmen, unless the innings is declared closed at the fall of a wicket and the next batsman has not joined in the play.
In limited overs cricket, there might be two batsmen still "not out" when the last of the allotted overs has been bowled.
Overs
Main article: Over (cricket)
The bowler bowls the ball in sets of six deliveries (or "balls") and each set of six balls is called an over.
This name came about because the umpire calls "Over!" when six balls
have been bowled. At this point, another bowler is deployed at the other
end, and the fielding side changes ends while the batsmen do not. A
bowler cannot bowl two successive overs, although a bowler can bowl
unchanged at the same end for several overs. The batsmen do not change
ends and so the one who was non-striker is now the striker and vice
versa. The umpires also change positions so that the one who was at
square leg now stands behind the wicket at the non-striker's end and vice versa.Team structure
A team consists of eleven players. Depending on his or her primary skills, a player may be classified as a specialist batsman or bowler. A well-balanced team usually has five or six specialist batsmen and four or five specialist bowlers. Teams nearly always include a specialist wicket-keeper because of the importance of this fielding position. Each team is headed by a captain who is responsible for making tactical decisions such as determining the batting order, the placement of fielders and the rotation of bowlers.A player who excels in both batting and bowling is known as an all-rounder. One who excels as a batsman and wicket-keeper is known as a "wicket-keeper/batsman", sometimes regarded as a type of all-rounder. True all-rounders are rare as most players focus on either batting or bowling skills.
Bowling
Main article: Bowling (cricket)
The fastest bowlers can deliver the ball at a speed of over 90 miles per hour (140 km/h) and they sometimes rely on sheer speed to try and defeat the batsman, who is forced to react very quickly. Other fast bowlers rely on a mixture of speed and guile. Some fast bowlers make use of the seam of the ball so that it "curves" or "swings" in flight. This type of delivery can deceive a batsman into mistiming his shot so that the ball touches the edge of the bat and can then be "caught behind" by the wicketkeeper or a slip fielder.
At the other end of the bowling scale is the "spinner" who bowls at a relatively slow pace and relies entirely on guile to deceive the batsman. A spinner will often "buy his wicket" by "tossing one up" (in a slower, higher parabolic path) to lure the batsman into making a poor shot. The batsman has to be very wary of such deliveries as they are often "flighted" or spun so that the ball will not behave quite as he expects and he could be "trapped" into getting himself out.
In between the pacemen and the spinners are the "medium pacers" who rely on persistent accuracy to try and contain the rate of scoring and wear down the batsman's concentration.
All bowlers are classified according to their looks or style. The classifications, as with much cricket terminology, can be very confusing. Hence, a bowler could be classified as LF, meaning he is a left arm fast bowler; or as LBG, meaning he is a right arm spin bowler who bowls deliveries that are called a "leg break" and a "Googly".
During the bowling action the elbow may be held at any angle and may bend further, but may not straighten out. If the elbow straightens illegally then the square-leg umpire may call no-ball: this is known as "throwing" or "chucking", and can be difficult to detect. The current laws allow a bowler to straighten his arm 15 degrees or less.
Fielding
Main article: Fielding (cricket)
Apart from the one currently bowling, the other nine fielders are tactically deployed by the team captain in chosen positions around the field. These positions are not fixed but they are known by specific and sometimes colourful names such as "slip", "third man", "silly mid on" and "long leg". There are always many unprotected areas.
The captain is the most important member of the fielding side as he determines all the tactics including who should bowl (and how); and he is responsible for "setting the field", though usually in consultation with the bowler.
In all forms of cricket, if a fielder gets injured or becomes ill during a match, a substitute is allowed to field instead of him. The substitute cannot bowl, act as a captain or keep wicket. The substitute leaves the field when the injured player is fit to return.
Batting
Main article: batting (cricket)
Batsmen come in to bat in a batting order, decided by the team captain. The first two batsmen – the "openers" – usually face the hostile bowling from fresh fast bowlers with a new ball. The top batting positions are usually given to the most competent batsmen in the team, and the team's bowlers – who are typically, but not always, less skilled as batsmen – typically bat last. The pre-announced batting order is not mandatory; when a wicket falls any player who has not yet batted may be sent in next.
If a batsman "retires" (usually due to injury) and cannot return, he is actually "not out" and his retirement does not count as a dismissal, though in effect he has been dismissed because his innings is over. Substitute batsmen are not allowed.
A skilled batsman can use a wide array of "shots" or "strokes" in both defensive and attacking mode. The idea is to hit the ball to best effect with the flat surface of the bat's blade. If the ball touches the side of the bat it is called an "edge". Batsmen do not always seek to hit the ball as hard as possible, and a good player can score runs just by making a deft stroke with a turn of the wrists or by simply "blocking" the ball but directing it away from fielders so that he has time to take a run.
A batsman is not required to play a shot; in the event that he believes the ball will not hit his wicket and there is no opportunity to score runs, he can "leave" the ball to go through to the wicketkeeper. Equally, he does not have to attempt a run when he hits the ball with his bat. He can deliberately use his leg to block the ball and thereby "pad it away" but this is risky because of the leg before wicket rule.
In the event of an injured batsman being fit to bat but not to run, the umpires and the fielding captain were previously able to allow another member of the batting side to be a runner. The runner's only task was to run between the wickets instead of the incapacitated batsman, and he was required to wear and carry exactly the same equipment as the batsman. As of 2011 the ICC outlawed the use of runners as they felt this was being abused.[34]
Runs
Main article: Run (cricket)
More than one run can be scored from a single hit; but, while hits worth one to three runs are common, the size of the field is such that it is usually difficult to run four or more. To compensate for this, hits that reach the boundary of the field are automatically awarded four runs if the ball touches the ground en route to the boundary or six runs if the ball clears the boundary without touching the ground within the boundary. The batsmen do not need to run if the ball reaches or crosses the boundary.
The decision to attempt a run is ideally made by the batsman who has the better view of the ball's progress, and this is communicated by calling: "yes", "no" and "wait" are often heard.
Running is a calculated risk because if a fielder breaks the wicket with the ball while the nearest batsman is out of his ground (i.e., he does not have part of his body or bat in contact with the ground behind the popping crease), the batsman is run out.
A team's score is reported in terms of the number of runs scored and the number of batsmen that have been dismissed. For example, if five batsmen are out and the team has scored 224 runs, they are said to have scored 224 for the loss of 5 wickets (commonly shortened to "224 for five" and written 224/5 or, in Australia, "five for 224" and 5/224).
Extras
Main article: Extra (cricket)
Additional runs can be gained by the batting team as extras (called "sundries" in Australia) due to errors made by the fielding side. This is achieved in four ways:- No ball: a penalty of one extra that is conceded by the bowler if he breaks the rules of bowling either by (a) using an inappropriate arm action; (b) overstepping the popping crease; (c) having a foot outside the return crease. In addition, the bowler has to re-bowl the ball. In limited overs matches, a no ball is called if the bowling team's field setting fails to comply with the restrictions. In shorter formats of the game (20–20, ODI) the free hit rule has been introduced. The ball following a front foot no-ball will be a free-hit for the batsman, whereby he is safe from losing his wicket except for being run-out.
- Wide: a penalty of one extra that is conceded by the bowler if he bowls so that the ball is out of the batsman's reach; as with a no ball, a wide must be re-bowled. If a wide ball crosses the boundary, five runs are awarded to the batting side (one run for the wide, and four for the boundary).
- Bye: extra(s) awarded if the batsman misses the ball and it goes past the wicketkeeper to give the batsmen time to run in the conventional way (note that one mark of a good wicketkeeper is one who restricts the tally of byes to a minimum).
- Leg bye: extra(s) awarded if the ball hits the batsman's body, but not his bat, while attempting a legitimate shot, and it goes away from the fielders to give the batsmen time to run in the conventional way.
Dismissals
Main article: Dismissal (cricket)
There are eleven ways in which a batsman can be dismissed; five
relatively common and six extremely rare. The common forms of dismissal
are "bowled", "caught", "leg before wicket" (lbw), "run out", and
"stumped". Less common methods are "hit wicket", "hit the ball twice",
"obstructed the field", "handled the ball" and "timed out" – these are
almost unknown in the professional game. The eleventh – retired out – is not treated as an on-field dismissal but rather a retrospective one for which no fielder is credited.If the dismissal is obvious (for example when "bowled" and in most cases of "caught") the batsman will voluntarily leave the field without the umpire needing to dismiss them. Otherwise before the umpire will award a dismissal and declare the batsman to be out, a member of the fielding side (generally the bowler) must "appeal". This is invariably done by asking (or shouting) "how's that?" – normally reduced to howzat? If the umpire agrees with the appeal, he will raise a forefinger and say "Out!". Otherwise he will shake his head and say "Not out". Appeals are particularly loud when the circumstances of the claimed dismissal are unclear, as is always the case with lbw and often with run outs and stumpings.
- Bowled: the bowler has hit the wicket with the delivery and the wicket has "broken" with at least one bail being dislodged (note that if the ball hits the wicket without dislodging a bail it is not out).[35]
- Caught: the batsman has hit the ball with his bat, or with his hand which was holding the bat, and the ball has been caught before it has touched the ground by a member of the fielding side.[36]
- Leg before wicket (lbw): the ball has hit the batsman's body (including his clothing, pads etc. but not the bat, or a hand holding the bat) when it would have gone on to hit the stumps. This rule exists mainly to prevent the batsman from guarding his wicket with his legs instead of the bat. To be given out lbw, the ball must not bounce outside leg stump or strike the batsmen outside the line of leg-stump. It may bounce outside off-stump. The batsman may only be dismissed lbw by a ball striking him outside the line of off-stump if he has not made a genuine attempt to play the ball with his bat.[37]
- Run out: a member of the fielding side has broken or "put down" the wicket with the ball while the nearest batsman was out of his ground; this usually occurs by means of an accurate throw to the wicket while the batsmen are attempting a run, although a batsman can be given out Run out even when he is not attempting a run; he merely needs to be out of his ground.[38]
- Stumped is similar except that it is done by the wicketkeeper after the batsman has missed the bowled ball and has stepped out of his ground, and is not attempting a run.[39]
- Hit wicket: a batsman is out hit wicket if he dislodges one or both bails with his bat, person, clothing or equipment in the act of receiving a ball, or in setting off for a run having just received a ball.[40]
- Hit the ball twice is very unusual and was introduced as a safety measure to counter dangerous play and protect the fielders. The batsman may legally play the ball a second time only to stop the ball hitting the wicket after he has already played it. "Hit" does not necessarily refer to the batsman's bat.[41]
- Obstructing the field: another unusual dismissal which tends to involve a batsman deliberately getting in the way (physically and/or verbally) of a fielder.[42]
- Handled the ball: a batsman must not deliberately touch the ball with his hand, for example to protect his wicket. Note that the batsman's hand or glove counts as part of the bat while the hand is holding the bat, so batsmen are frequently caught off their gloves (i.e. the ball hits, and is deflected by, the glove and can then be caught).[43]
- Timed out; means that the next batsman was not ready to receive a delivery within three minutes of the previous one being dismissed.[44]
- Retired out: a batsman retires without the umpire's permission, and does not have the permission of the opposition captain to resume their innings.[45]
A batsman may leave the field without being dismissed. If injured or taken ill the batsman may temporarily retire, and be replaced by the next batsman. This is recorded as retired hurt or retired ill. The retiring batsman is not out, and may resume the innings later. An unimpaired batsman may retire, and this is treated as being dismissed retired out; no player is credited with the dismissal. Batsmen cannot be out bowled, caught, leg before wicket, stumped or hit wicket off a no ball. They cannot be out bowled, caught, leg before wicket, or hit the ball twice off a wide. Some of these modes of dismissal can occur without the bowler bowling a delivery. The batsman who is not on strike may be run out by the bowler if he leaves his crease before the bowler bowls, and a batsman can be out obstructing the field or retired out at any time. Timed out is, by its nature, a dismissal without a delivery. With all other modes of dismissal, only one batsman can be dismissed per ball bowled.
Innings closed
Main article: End of an innings (cricket)
An innings is closed when:- Ten of the eleven batsmen are out (have been dismissed); in this case, the team is said to be "all out"
- The team has only one batsman left who can bat, one or more of the remaining players being unavailable owing to injury, illness or absence; again, the team is said to be "all out"
- The team batting last reaches the score required to win the match
- The predetermined number of overs has been bowled (in a one-day match only, commonly 50 overs; or 20 in Twenty20)
- A captain declares his team's innings closed while at least two of his batsmen are not out (this does not apply in one-day limited over matches)
Results
Main article: Result (cricket)
If the team that bats last is all out having scored fewer runs than their opponents, the team is said to have "lost by n runs" (where n
is the difference between the number of runs scored by the teams). If
the team that bats last scores enough runs to win, it is said to have
"won by n wickets", where n is the number of wickets left
to fall. For instance a team that passes its opponents' score having
only lost six wickets would have won "by four wickets".In a two-innings-a-side match, one team's combined first and second innings total may be less than the other side's first innings total. The team with the greater score is then said to have won by an innings and n runs, and does not need to bat again: n is the difference between the two teams' aggregate scores.
If the team batting last is all out, and both sides have scored the same number of runs, then the match is a tie; this result is quite rare in matches of two innings a side. In the traditional form of the game, if the time allotted for the match expires before either side can win, then the game is declared a draw.
If the match has only a single innings per side, then a maximum number of deliveries for each innings is often imposed. Such a match is called a "limited overs" or "one-day" match, and the side scoring more runs wins regardless of the number of wickets lost, so that a draw cannot occur. If this kind of match is temporarily interrupted by bad weather, then a complex mathematical formula, known as the Duckworth-Lewis method after its developers, is often used to recalculate a new target score. A one-day match can also be declared a "no-result" if fewer than a previously agreed number of overs have been bowled by either team, in circumstances that make normal resumption of play impossible; for example, wet weather.
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